HTML markup includes some
for special characters. The most frequently used are characters that if they
appeared directly would be understood by HTML to relate to markup (see HTMLTutorialSpecialCharacters
for further details).
Each of these markups is
preceded by an ampersand, i.e. "&",
followed by the markup name, followed by a semicolon, i.e. ";":
 
  | HTML name | character | name | Unicode hex code
  (decimal) | 
 
  | amp | & | ampersand | U+0026 (38) | 
 
  | quot | " | quotation mark | U+0022 (34) | 
 
  | apos | ' | apostrophe | U+0027 (39) | 
 
  | lt | <  | less than sign | U+003C (60) | 
 
  | gt | >  | greater than sign | U+003E (62) | 
 
  | nbsp |   | non-breaking space | U+00A0 (160) | 
 
  | iexcl | ¡ | inverted exclamation
  mark | U+00A1 (161) | 
 
  | cent | ¢ | cent sign | U+00A2 (162) | 
 
  | pound | £ | pound sign | U+00A3 (163) | 
 
  | curren | ¤ | currency sign | U+00A4 (164) | 
 
  | yen | ¥ | yen (yuan) sign | U+00A5 (165) | 
 
  | brvbar | ¦ | broken vertical bar | U+00A6 (166) | 
 
  | sect | § | section sign | U+00A7 (167) | 
 
  | uml | ¨ | diaeresis(or umlaut) | U+00A8 (168) | 
 
  | copy | © | copyright symbol | U+00A9 (169) | 
 
  | ordf | ª | feminine ordinal
  indicator | U+00AA (170) | 
 
  | laquo | « | left-pointing double
  angle quotation mark | U+00AB (171) | 
 
  | not | ¬ | not sign | U+00AC (172) | 
 
  | shy |  | soft (discretionary)
  hyphen | U+00AD (173) | 
 
  | reg | ® | registered trademark
  symbol | U+00AE (174) | 
 
  | macr | ¯ | macron | U+00AF (175) | 
 
  | deg | ° | degree symbol | U+00B0 (176) | 
 
  | plusmn | ± | plus-minus sign | U+00B1 (177) | 
 
  | sup2 | ² | superscript two | U+00B2 (178) | 
 
  | sup3 | ³ | superscript three | U+00B3 (179) | 
 
  | acute | ´ | acute accent | U+00B4 (180) | 
 
  | micro | µ | micro sign | U+00B5 (181) | 
 
  | para | ¶ | paragraph sign | U+00B6 (182) | 
 
  | middot | · | middle dot | U+00B7 (183) | 
 
  | cedil | ¸ | cedilla | U+00B8 (184) | 
 
  | sup1 | ¹ | superscript one | U+00B9 (185) | 
 
  | ordm | º | masculine ordinal
  indicator | U+00BA (186) | 
 
  | raquo | » | right-pointing double
  angle quotation mark | U+00BB (187) | 
 
  | frac14 | ¼ | fraction one quarter | U+00BC (188) | 
 
  | frac12 | ½ | fraction one half | U+00BD (189) | 
 
  | frac34 | ¾ | fraction three quarters | U+00BE (190) | 
 
  | iquest | ¿ | inverted question mark | U+00BF (191) | 
 
  | Agrave | À | Latin capital letter A
  with grave accent | U+00C0 (192) | 
 
  | Aacute | Á | Latin capital letter A
  with acute accent | U+00C1 (193) | 
 
  | Acirc | Â | Latin capital letter A
  with circumflex | U+00C2 (194) | 
 
  | Atilde | Ã | Latin capital letter A
  with tilde | U+00C3 (195) | 
 
  | Auml | Ä | Latin capital letter A
  with diaeresis | U+00C4 (196) | 
 
  | Aring | Å | Latin capital letter A
  with ring above | U+00C5 (197) | 
 
  | AElig | Æ | Latin capital letter AE | U+00C6 (198) | 
 
  | Ccedil | Ç | Latin capital letter C
  with cedilla | U+00C7 (199) | 
 
  | Egrave | È | Latin capital letter E
  with grave accent | U+00C8 (200) | 
 
  | Eacute | É | Latin capital letter E
  with acute accent | U+00C9 (201) | 
 
  | Ecirc | Ê | Latin capital letter E
  with circumflex | U+00CA (202) | 
 
  | Euml | Ë | Latin capital letter E
  with diaeresis | U+00CB (203) | 
 
  | Igrave | Ì | Latin capital letter I
  with grave accent | U+00CC (204) | 
 
  | Iacute | Í | Latin capital letter I
  with acute accent | U+00CD (205) | 
 
  | Icirc | Î | Latin capital letter I
  with circumflex | U+00CE (206) | 
 
  | Iuml | Ï | Latin capital letter I
  with diaeresis | U+00CF (207) | 
 
  | ETH | Ð | Latin capital letter
  Eth | U+00D0 (208) | 
 
  | Ntilde | Ñ | Latin capital letter N
  with tilde | U+00D1 (209) | 
 
  | Ograve | Ò | Latin capital letter O
  with grave accent | U+00D2 (210) | 
 
  | Oacute | Ó | Latin capital letter O
  with acute accent | U+00D3 (211) | 
 
  | Ocirc | Ó | Latin capital letter O
  with circumflex | U+00D4 (212) | 
 
  | Otilde | Õ | Latin capital letter O
  with tilde | U+00D5 (213) | 
 
  | Ouml | Ö | Latin capital letter O
  with diaeresis | U+00D6 (214) | 
 
  | times | × | multiplication sign | U+00D7 (215) | 
 
  | Oslash | Ø | Latin capital letter O
  with stroke (Latin capital letter O slash) | U+00D8 (216) | 
 
  | Ugrave | Ù | Latin capital letter U
  with grave accent | U+00D9 (217) | 
 
  | Uacute | Ú | Latin capital letter U
  with acute accent | U+00DA (218) | 
 
  | Ucirc | Û | Latin capital letter U
  with circumflex | U+00DB (219) | 
 
  | Uuml | Ü | Latin capital letter U
  with diaeresis | U+00DC (220) | 
 
  | Yacute | Ý | Latin capital letter Y
  with acute accent | U+00DD (221) | 
 
  | THORN | Þ | Latin capital letter
  THORN | U+00DE (222) | 
 
  | szlig | ß | Latin small letter
  sharp s, i.e. German Eszett | U+00DF (223) | 
 
  | agrave | à | Latin small letter a
  with grave accent | U+00E0 (224) | 
 
  | aacute | á | Latin small letter a
  with acute accent | U+00E1 (225) | 
 
  | acirc | â | Latin small letter a
  with circumflex | U+00E2 (226) | 
 
  | atilde | ã | Latin small letter a
  with tilde | U+00E3 (227) | 
 
  | auml | ã | Latin small letter a
  with diaeresis | U+00E4 (228) | 
 
  | aring | å | Latin small letter a
  with ring above | U+00E5 (229) | 
 
  | aelig | æ | Latin small letter ae | U+00E6 (230) | 
 
  | ccedil | ç | Latin small letter c
  with cedilla | U+00E7 (231) | 
 
  | egrave | è | Latin small letter e
  with grave accent | U+00E8 (232) | 
 
  | eacute | é | Latin small letter e
  with acute accent | U+00E9 (233) | 
 
  | ecirc | ê | Latin small letter e
  with circumflex | U+00EA (234) | 
 
  | euml | ë | Latin small letter e
  with diaeresis | U+00EB (235) | 
 
  | igrave | ì | Latin small letter i
  with grave accent | U+00EC (236) | 
 
  | iacute | í | Latin small letter i
  with acute accent | U+00ED (237) | 
 
  | icirc | î | Latin small letter i
  with circumflex | U+00EE (238) | 
 
  | iuml | ï | Latin small letter i
  with diaeresis | U+00EF (239) | 
 
  | eth | ð | Latin small letter eth | U+00F0 (240) | 
 
  | ntilde | ñ | Latin small letter n
  with tilde | U+00F1 (241) | 
 
  | ograve | ò | Latin small letter o
  with grave accent | U+00F2 (242) | 
 
  | oacute | ó | Latin small letter o
  with acute accent | U+00F3 (243) | 
 
  | ocirc | ô | Latin small letter o
  with circumflex | U+00F4 (244) | 
 
  | otilde | õ | Latin small letter o
  with tilde | U+00F5 (245) | 
 
  | ouml | ö | Latin small letter o
  with diaeresis | U+00F6 (246) | 
 
  | divide | ÷ | division sign (obelus) | U+00F7 (247) | 
 
  | oslash | ø | Latin small letter o
  with stroke (Latin small letter o slash) | U+00F8 (248) | 
 
  | ugrave | ù | Latin small letter u
  with grave accent | U+00F9 (249) | 
 
  | uacute | ú | Latin small letter u
  with acute accent | U+00FA (250) | 
 
  | ucirc | û | Latin small letter u
  with circumflex | U+00FB (251) | 
 
  | uuml | ü | Latin small letter u
  with diaeresis | U+00FC (252) | 
 
  | yacute | ý | Latin small letter y
  with acute accent | U+00FD (253) | 
 
  | thorn | þ | Latin small letter
  thorn | U+00FE (254) | 
 
  | yuml | ÿ | Latin small letter y
  with diaeresis | U+00FF (255) | 
 
  | OElig | Œ | Latin capital ligature
  oe | U+0152 (338) | 
 
  | oelig | œ | Latin small ligature oe | U+0153 (339) | 
 
  | Scaron | Š | Latin capital letter s
  with caron | U+0160 (352) | 
 
  | scaron | š | Latin small letter s
  with caron | U+0161 (353) | 
 
  | Yuml | Ÿ | Latin capital letter y
  with diaeresis | U+0178 (376) | 
 
  | fnof | ƒ | Latin small letter f
  with hook (function, florin) | U+0192 (402) | 
 
  | circ | ˆ | modifier letter
  circumflex accent | U+02C6 (710) | 
 
  | tilde | ˜ | small tilde | U+02DC (732) | 
 
  | Alpha | Α | Greek capital letter
  Alpha | U+0391 (913) | 
 
  | Beta | Β | Greek capital letter
  Beta | U+0392 (914) | 
 
  | Gamma | Γ | Greek capital letter
  Gamma | U+0393 (915) | 
 
  | Delta | Δ | Greek capital letter
  Delta | U+0394 (916) | 
 
  | Epsilon | Ε | Greek capital letter
  Epsilon | U+0395 (917) | 
 
  | Zeta | Ζ | Greek capital letter
  Zeta | U+0396 (918) | 
 
  | Eta | Η | Greek capital letter
  Eta | U+0397 (919) | 
 
  | Theta | Θ | Greek capital letter
  Theta | U+0398 (920) | 
 
  | Iota | Ι | Greek capital letter
  Iota | U+0399 (921) | 
 
  | Kappa | Κ | Greek capital letter
  Kappa | U+039A (922) | 
 
  | Lambda | Λ | Greek capital letter
  Lambda | U+039B (923) | 
 
  | Mu | Μ | Greek capital letter Mu | U+039C (924) | 
 
  | Nu | Ν | Greek capital letter Nu | U+039D (925) | 
 
  | Xi | Ξ | Greek capital letter Xi | U+039E (926) | 
 
  | Omicron | Ο | Greek capital letter
  Omicron | U+039F (927) | 
 
  | Pi | Π | Greek capital letter Pi | U+03A0 (928) | 
 
  | Rho | Ρ | Greek capital letter
  Rho | U+03A1 (929) | 
 
  | Sigma | Σ | Greek capital letter
  Sigma | U+03A3 (931) | 
 
  | Tau | Τ | Greek capital letter
  Tau | U+03A4 (932) | 
 
  | Upsilon | Υ | Greek capital letter
  Upsilon | U+03A5 (933) | 
 
  | Phi | Φ | Greek capital letter
  Phi | U+03A6 (934) | 
 
  | Chi | Χ | Greek capital letter
  Chi | U+03A7 (935) | 
 
  | Psi | Ψ | Greek capital letter
  Psi | U+03A8 (936) | 
 
  | Omega | Ω | Greek capital letter
  Omega | U+03A9 (937) | 
 
  | alpha | α | Greek small letter
  alpha | U+03B1 (945) | 
 
  | beta | β | Greek small letter beta | U+03B2 (946) | 
 
  | gamma | γ | Greek small letter
  gamma | U+03B3 (947) | 
 
  | delta | δ | Greek small letter
  delta | U+03B4 (948) | 
 
  | epsilon | ε | Greek small letter
  epsilon | U+03B5 (949) | 
 
  | zeta | ζ | Greek small letter zeta | U+03B6 (950) | 
 
  | eta | η | Greek small letter eta | U+03B7 (951) | 
 
  | theta | θ | Greek small letter
  theta | U+03B8 (952) | 
 
  | iota | ι | Greek small letter iota | U+03B9 (953) | 
 
  | kappa | κ | Greek small letter
  kappa | U+03BA (954) | 
 
  | lambda | λ | Greek small letter
  lambda | U+03BB (955) | 
 
  | mu | μ | Greek small letter mu | U+03BC (956) | 
 
  | nu | ν | Greek small letter nu | U+03BD (957) | 
 
  | xi | ξ | Greek small letter xi | U+03BE (958) | 
 
  | omicron | ο | Greek small letter
  omicron | U+03BF (959) | 
 
  | pi | π | Greek small letter pi | U+03C0 (960) | 
 
  | rho | ρ | Greek small letter rho | U+03C1 (961) | 
 
  | sigmaf | ς | Greek small letter
  final sigma | U+03C2 (962) | 
 
  | sigma | σ | Greek small letter
  sigma | U+03C3 (963) | 
 
  | tau | τ | Greek small letter tau | U+03C4 (964) | 
 
  | upsilon | υ | Greek small letter
  upsilon | U+03C5 (965) | 
 
  | phi | φ | Greek small letter phi | U+03C6 (966) | 
 
  | chi | χ | Greek small letter chi | U+03C7 (967) | 
 
  | psi | ψ | Greek small letter psi | U+03C8 (968) | 
 
  | omega | ω | Greek small letter
  omega | U+03C9 (969) | 
 
  | thetasym | ϑ | Greek theta symbol | U+03D1 (977) | 
 
  | upsih | ϒ | Greek Upsilon with hook
  symbol | U+03D2 (978) | 
 
  | piv | ϖ | Greek pi symbol | U+03D6 (982) | 
 
  | ensp |   | en space[d] | U+2002 (8194) | 
 
  | emsp |   | em space[d] | U+2003 (8195) | 
 
  | thinsp |   | thin space[d] | U+2009 (8201) | 
 
  | zwnj |  | zero-width non-joiner | U+200C (8204) | 
 
  | zwj |  | zero-width joiner | U+200D (8205) | 
 
  | lrm |  | left-to-right mark | U+200E (8206) | 
 
  | rlm |  | right-to-left mark | U+200F (8207) | 
 
  | ndash | – | en dash | U+2013 (8211) | 
 
  | mdash | — | em dash | U+2014 (8212) | 
 
  | lsquo | ‘ | left single quotation
  mark | U+2018 (8216) | 
 
  | rsquo | ’ | right single quotation
  mark | U+2019 (8217) | 
 
  | sbquo | ‚ | single low-9 quotation
  mark | U+201A (8218) | 
 
  | ldquo | “ | left double quotation
  mark | U+201C (8220) | 
 
  | rdquo | ” | right double quotation
  mark | U+201D (8221) | 
 
  | bdquo | „ | double low-9 quotation
  mark | U+201E (8222) | 
 
  | dagger | † | dagger, obelisk | U+2020 (8224) | 
 
  | Dagger | ‡ | double dagger, double
  obelisk | U+2021 (8225) | 
 
  | bull | • | bullet (black small
  circle) | U+2022 (8226) | 
 
  | hellip | … | horizontal ellipsis
  (three dot leader) | U+2026 (8230) | 
 
  | permil | ‰ | per mille sign | U+2030 (8240) | 
 
  | prime | ′ | prime (minutes, feet) | U+2032 (8242) | 
 
  | Prime | ″ | double prime (seconds,
  inches) | U+2033 (8243) | 
 
  | lsaquo | ‹ | single left-pointing
  angle quotation mark | U+2039 (8249) | 
 
  | rsaquo | › | single right-pointing
  angle quotation mark | U+203A (8250) | 
 
  | oline | ‾ | overline (spacing
  overscore) | U+203E (8254) | 
 
  | frasl | ⁄ | fraction slash
  (solidus) | U+2044 (8260) | 
 
  | euro | € | euro sign | U+20AC (8364) | 
 
  | image | ℑ | black-letter capital I
  (imaginary part) | U+2111 (8465) | 
 
  | weierp | ℘ | script capital P (power
  set, Weierstrass p) | U+2118 (8472) | 
 
  | real | ℜ | black-letter capital R (real
  part symbol) | U+211C (8476) | 
 
  | trade | ™ | trademark symbol | U+2122 (8482) | 
 
  | alefsym | ℵ | alef symbol (first
  transfinite cardinal) | U+2135 (8501) | 
 
  | larr | ← | leftwards arrow | U+2190 (8592) | 
 
  | uarr | ↑ | upwards arrow | U+2191 (8593) | 
 
  | rarr | → | rightwards arrow | U+2192 (8594) | 
 
  | darr | ↓ | downwards arrow | U+2193 (8595) | 
 
  | harr | ↔ | left right arrow | U+2194 (8596) | 
 
  | crarr | ↵ | downwards arrow with
  corner leftwards (carriage return) | U+21B5 (8629) | 
 
  | lArr | ⇐ | leftwards double arrow | U+21D0 (8656) | 
 
  | uArr | ⇑ | upwards double arrow | U+21D1 (8657) | 
 
  | rArr | ⇒ | rightwards double arrow | U+21D2 (8658) | 
 
  | dArr | ⇓ | downwards double arrow | U+21D3 (8659) | 
 
  | hArr | ⇔ | left right double arrow | U+21D4 (8660) | 
 
  | forall | ∀ | for all | U+2200 (8704) | 
 
  | part | ∂ | partial differential | U+2202 (8706) | 
 
  | exist | ∃ | there exists | U+2203 (8707) | 
 
  | empty | ∅ | empty set (null set) | U+2205 (8709) | 
 
  | nabla | ∇ | del or nabla (vector
  differential operator) | U+2207 (8711) | 
 
  | isin | ∈ | element of | U+2208 (8712) | 
 
  | notin | ∉ | not an element of | U+2209 (8713) | 
 
  | ni | ∋ | contains as member | U+220B (8715) | 
 
  | prod | ∏ | n-ary product (product
  sign) | U+220F (8719) | 
 
  | sum | ∑ | n-ary summation | U+2211 (8721) | 
 
  | minus | − | minus sign | U+2212 (8722) | 
 
  | lowast | ∗ | asterisk operator | U+2217 (8727) | 
 
  | radic | √ | square root (radical
  sign) | U+221A (8730) | 
 
  | prop | ∝ | proportional to | U+221D (8733) | 
 
  | infin | ∞ | infinity | U+221E (8734) | 
 
  | ang | ∠ | angle | U+2220 (8736) | 
 
  | and | ∧ | logical and (wedge) | U+2227 (8743) | 
 
  | or | ∨ | logical or (vee) | U+2228 (8744) | 
 
  | cap | ∩ | intersection (cap) | U+2229 (8745) | 
 
  | cup | ∪ | union (cup) | U+222A (8746) | 
 
  | int | ∫ | integral | U+222B (8747) | 
 
  | there4 | ∴ | therefore sign | U+2234 (8756) | 
 
  | sim | ∼ | tilde operator (varies
  with, similar to) | U+223C (8764) | 
 
  | cong | ≅ | congruent to | U+2245 (8773) | 
 
  | asymp | ≈ | almost equal to
  (asymptotic to) | U+2248 (8776) | 
 
  | ne | ≠ | not equal to | U+2260 (8800) | 
 
  | equiv | ≡ | identical to or
  'equivalent to' | U+2261 (8801) | 
 
  | le | ≤ | less-than or equal to | U+2264 (8804) | 
 
  | ge | ≥ | greater-than or equal
  to | U+2265 (8805) | 
 
  | sub | ⊂ | subset of | U+2282 (8834) | 
 
  | sup | ⊃ | superset of | U+2283 (8835) | 
 
  | nsub | ⊄ | not a subset of | U+2284 (8836) | 
 
  | sube | ⊆ | subset of or equal to | U+2286 (8838) | 
 
  | supe | ⊇ | superset of or equal to | U+2287 (8839) | 
 
  | oplus | ⊕ | circled plus (direct
  sum) | U+2295 (8853) | 
 
  | otimes | ⊗ | circled times (vector
  product) | U+2297 (8855) | 
 
  | perp | ⊥ | up tack (orthogonal to,
  perpendicular) | U+22A5 (8869) | 
 
  | sdot | ⋅ | dot operator | U+22C5 (8901) | 
 
  | lceil | ⌈ | left ceiling | U+2308 (8968) | 
 
  | rceil | ⌉ | right ceiling | U+2309 (8969) | 
 
  | lfloor | ⌊ | left floor | U+230A (8970) | 
 
  | rfloor | ⌋ | right floor | U+230B (8971) | 
 
  | lang | ⟨ | left-pointing angle
  bracket (bra) | U+2329 (9001) | 
 
  | rang | ⟩ | right-pointing angle
  bracket (ket) | U+232A (9002) | 
 
  | loz | ◊ | lozenge | U+25CA (9674) | 
 
  | spades | ♠ | spade suit | U+2660 (9824) | 
 
  | clubs | ♣ | club suit (shamrock) | U+2663 (9827) | 
 
  | hearts | ♥ | heart suit (valentine) | U+2665 (9829) | 
 
  | diams | ♦ | diamond suit | U+2666 (9830) |